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RV.Net : Welcome to the ultimate network of RV sites! RV.Net Family of Sites Affiliate Programs Affinity Group Affinity Road and Travel American Recreation Consumer Shows ATV Gear Zone ATV Magazine ATV Magazine TV ATV Sport ATV Sport TV Bass and Walleye Boats Boating Industry Camping Life Camping World Coast to Coast Coast Affiliates Cars, Vans and Pickups Camping World RV Institute Ehlert Online Media Golf Card Good Sam Club MotorHome Magazine Powersports Business Rider Magazine RV Buyers Guide RV Business RV Doctor RV Road Service RV Search RV Today Snowmobile News Thunder Press Trailer Life Directory Trailer Boats Trailer Life Magazine Watercraft News Woodall's All of RV.Net Forums Articles Products Events RV Community RV News & Reviews RV Sales Plan a Trip RV Clubs & Services RV Camping Deals What is Affiliate Marketing? Affiliate Marketing is a quick and easy way to increase revenue from your Website visitors. If your visitors are interested in outdoor activities such as camping, RVing and golfing, you should take advantage of our affiliate programs. It's a great way to add lifestyle content to your site in addition to increasing online revenue, and signup is FREE! We currently offer the following affiliate programs, apply for one, some or all. Good Sam Club The RVing club founded 36 years ago - Now with over 1 million members and still growing. Offering Members: • 10% discount at over 1,600 RV Parks & Campgrounds in the U.S. and Canada • Members only Website - And much more We'll pay $5 for every signup referred to Good Sam from your site - That's a 26% commission rate! Join the Good Sam Club Affiliate Program Trailer Life Directory & Books The Trailer Life Directory is part of a family of publications and services devoted to enhancing the lifestyle of recreational-vehicle enthusiasts. TL Enterprises, Inc., offers a wide variety of products and services, including directories, magazines, books and atlases for thousands of locations across the US and Canada. We'll pay you 15% of every transaction referred to us by your site. Join the TL Books Affiliate Program Golf Card "Play more golf for less" Golf Card is a club of avid golfers who use the combined strength of our 100,000+ members to play more golf for less money. Offering Members: • Free green fees, or up to 50% discounts on golf at over 3,500 golf courses in the US and abroad • Up to 50% savings at more than 4,000 hotels worldwide • Rental car discounts with National Car Rental and Alamo • Savings on long distance service, auto insurance, VISA® credit card and more! We'll pay $25 for every signup referred to Golf Card from your site - That's a 42% commission rate! Join the Golf Card Affiliate Program Good Sam VIP Insurance Good Sam VIP is a full-coverage vehicle insurance plan offered to Good Sam members by GMAC Insurance. About VIP: For over twenty years, VIP has served the RV and auto insurance needs of more than 150,000 Good Samers nationwide. VIP's commitment to supporting the Good Sam lifestyle has helped us become America's RV Experts, with more RV-friendly benefits than any other vehicle insurer. We handle all special coverage needs including awnings, cabanas, satellite dishes, and other attached accessories… They're all safe with VIP. We'll pay you $8 for every quote referred to us from your site. Join the Good Sam VIP Insurance Affiliate Program Good Sam RV Emergency Road Service (ERS) Towing and Road Service for your RV and all household Cars, minivans, SUVs, pickups and boat trailers. Members Receive: • Family Coverage • 24-Hour Toll-Free Emergency Dispatch Service • Jump Starts • Lock Out Benefit • Tire Service • Fuel Delivery • Towing coverage • Travel delay assistance • Emergency medical referral service We'll pay you 15% for every new member referred to us from your site. Join the Good Sam RV ERS Affiliate Program Advertisement - • About Us • Advertise With Us • Affiliate Programs • Contact Us • Press Releases • Privacy Policy • Site Map • Terms Advertisement Advertisement Home | About RV.net | Advertise With Us | Terms | Site Map | Contact Us | PRIVACY POLICY | YOUR PRIVACY RIGHTS | ©2006 RV.net

Mobile home insurance developed

American Association of Insurance Services This article appeared in the Summer 2004 Vol. 29, No. 1 issue of Viewpoint. BACK TO VIEWPOINT ARTICLES Manufactured Housing A new term does not eliminate old distinctions Precise use of language is essential in insurance underwriting. Unfortunately, people in other fields can sometimes adopt terminology that can be misleading for property/casualty professionals. Residential property insurers have long understood the distinction between site-built (or stick-built) homes constructed at permanent locations, and mobile (or trailer) homes constructed in factories and hauled to a site. That distinction in how homes are constructed leads to different property loss experience for site-built and mobile homes, and provides the basis for the separate Homeowners and Mobile-Homeowners insurance programs offered by AAIS. Beyond the loss experience, however, standardized homeowners and mobile-homeowners programs are very similar. AAIS uses largely identical forms in both. Confusion can arise, however, when the term manufactured housing is used to identify mobile homes, as the mobile home industry has done in recent years. That term was adopted by mobile home trade groups to improve the image of mobile homes and reflect the enhanced size and features offered in today's mobile homes. Manufactured housing, however, also refers to modular housing, residences constructed from modules that are assembled in manufacturing facilities, shipped to permanent locations, and permanently affixed to a foundation and adjoining modules. Modules can arrive at a site completely pre-assembled, with plumbing and wiring included. Manufactured housing, therefore, encompasses structures ranging from million-dollar estate homes to traditional trailers. Beyond that, virtually all new residential construction has some manufactured elements. What is happening is that all new dwellings have some degree of pre-assembly, says Tom Underwood, president and COO of Utility Body Works, Elkhart, Ind., a mobile home manufacturer. Even stick-built structures have trusses that are pre-assembled. It used to be that everything was either stick-built or a mobile home. Now there's more of a continuum. While that may be true for residential construction techniques, the old distinction between site-built and mobile homes still appears to be valid for property insurance purposes. The challenge is to make sure that residences are properly classified. Mobile homes stand apart Mobile homes have long been defined as a unique subset of owner-occupied residences, and that is still the case. For example, American Modern Insurance Group, a carrier that specializes in insuring manufactured housing, defines a mobile home to be a factory-built structure at least eight feet in length that is constructed on its own chassis. According to Jerry Wachter, vice president for manufactured housing, the requirement that the structure be built on its own chassis ensures that a mobile home policy cannot be written to cover other types of manufactured housing. The American Modern definition of a mobile home explicitly includes expansions and additions to mobile homes, as well as fixtures. The purpose, says Wachter, is to allow for the full range of possibilities in modern mobile homes, without applying mobile home coverage to structures that have different loss characteristics. A fire safety study conducted by Foremost Insurance, Grand Rapids, Mich., indicated that the fire rate for mobile homes was less than that for site-built homes. The better fire rate is attributed in part to implementation of a national building code by the U.S. Dept. of Housing and Urban Development (HUD) in the 1970s. Mobile homes are more susceptible to windstorm loss, however. As the American Modern definition suggests, there are three characteristics that can be used to define a mobile home: Off-site construction in a factory setting; Construction on its own chassis; and Construction to HUD building standards, as opposed to local building codes. Does method matter? As for establishing other categories of manufactured housing for insurance purposes, there is little evidence of statistically significant distinctions in loss experience between modular and completely site-built homes. Modular homes are treated the same as site-built homes in terms of financing and insurance, says Bruce Savage, spokesman for the Manufactured Housing Institute. I'm not aware of any statistics showing they perform (in loss situations) differently than site-built homes. Also, modular housing must generally be built to standards in local building codes, even if the modules are constructed out of state. The growth in modular construction would not be possible without widespread use of standardized building codes. Thus, when a carrier receives an application for a manufactured home, the first order of business is to determine if it meets the characteristics of a mobile home. Many manufactured homes would be better classified with site-built homes. The construction of the residence--frame, masonry, etc.--will, of course, be a key factor in determining the premium, but there is no indication to date that the method of construction, in itself, alters the risk. (As a practical matter, most manufactured homes that are not mobile homes will be frame construction.) Enduring distinction Property/casualty professionals accustomed to using identical forms to write homeowners and mobile-homeowners coverage may be surprised to learn how differently the two lines started out. Mobile home insurance developed from the identity of mobile homes as chattel property rather than real property, says Wachter of American Modern. Early trailer homes had axles with wheels and could be literally hauled away at a moment's notice. Given the character of early mobile homes, the insurance policy [covering a mobile home] was really a takeoff on auto physical damage coverage, Wachter says. That steadily changed as mobile homes came to be permanently affixed at locations and developed risk characteristics similar to those of site-built homes. For decades now, the basic, broad, special, and limited perils forms, as well as the personal liability sections, have been largely identical in the AAIS Homeowners and Mobile-Homeowners Programs. The persistence of distinct homeowners and mobile-homeowners programs lies in two related factors: rating and valuation of structures. Perhaps the last vestige of the original auto character of mobile homes is the fact that their structures depreciate faster than they accumulate real estate value, if they accumulate any real value at all. With mobile homes, the depreciation is greater than the growth in replacement cost, says Werner Kruck, executive vice president of American Superior Ins. Co., Plantation, Fla., a company that specializes in residential property insurance. With traditional site-built homes, replacement cost usually grows faster than the depreciation of the home. Replacement cost Every student of insurance learns that the market value of a home should not be confused with replacement cost, but it frequently is because mortgage lenders often insist that residential property insurance be written to cover the balance on a mortgage loan. Also, the appreciation in market value has often been considered a factor in calculating replacement cost, the assumption being that the cost of living drives the cost of construction. Whatever the reason, depreciation is rarely a major consideration in home owners insurance, except for older homes in areas with relatively low real estate values. For that reason, replacement cost loss settlement, with a coinsurance requirement, is a standard feature of most homeowners policies written in the U.S. Standard homeowners forms explicitly state, however, that replacement cost terms do not apply to mobile homes, whether or not on a permanent foundation, but without otherwise defining the term mobile home. Actual cash value loss settlement automatically applies to mobile homes; replacement cost settlement, if desired, must be added by endorsement. 'Gap' coverage In practice, the underwriting of a replacement cost endorsement on a mobile home policy is analogous to the underwriting of gap coverage on a personal auto, says Jeffrey Holaway, AAIS manager of personal lines pricing. According to Holaway, car owners frequently buy coverage that will pay what it costs to replace a vehicle that has been effectively destroyed, even if the amount of insurance exceeds the book value of the vehicle being insured. Replacement cost coverage for a mobile home is written on a stated value basis in some states, says Kruck. This raises the possibility that an owner can collect an insurance payment for a total loss, replace the damaged home with a used one at less cost, and pocket the rest of the money. Apart from the settlement terms, the distinction between homeowners and mobile-homeowners insurance lies in the distinction between loss costs for the two lines, and subsequently the information used to rate policies. Insurers should be cautious about applying loss costs derived from mobile home experience to manufactured housing that may be more appropriately classified with site-built housing. Joseph Harrington Editor Christi DeBrock Design Reprinting Viewpoint Articles Articles generally may be reproduced, provided the appropriate credit is given and a copy is sent to the Editor. For details, please call or write. Viewpoint welcomes your comments. Write us at: American Association of Insurance Services 1745 S. Naperville Road | Wheaton, IL 60187-8132 630-681-8347 | 800-564-AAIS | Fax 630-681-8356 Phone: 630-681-8347 | Fax: 630-681-8356 e-mail: info@aaisonline.com Top

RV Campground

Scary Camping Stories, Campfire Tall Tales, and RV Resources at American Folklore Tall Tales Myths & Legends Ghost Stories States & Regions Famous Characters Campfire Stories Animal Stories Native American & Ethnic Folklore Children's Stories Canadian Folklore Weather Lore | Lesson Plans | Railroad Stories | ESL Reading | Tongue Twisters | RV/Camping --- RV and Camping Resources Scary ghost stories and campfire tall tales make camping fun! Read your favorite scary camping stories below, or browse the handy RV and camping resources to help make your trips easy and memorable. Scary Camping Stories Campfire Tall Tales RV Resources RV Lotto Spooky New England ( The Bridge ) Spooky South ( Tailypo ) Spooky Southwest ( Pecos Bill ) Spooky New York ( The Hessian ) Spooky California ( The Serpent ) Scary Camping Stories Ghost Stories & Spooky Tales The Army of the Dead The ghosts of the Confederate Army still march through Charleston, South Carolina. Bear Lake Monster Be careful swimming in Bear Lake! (Utah) The Black Dog of Hanging Hills A black dog haunts Meriden, CT . A version of this story is retold by S.E. Schlosser in Spooky New England . Black Bartelmy's Ghost Black Bartelmy was an evil, surly buccaneer who murdered his wife and children and went to sea with a band of pirates as nasty as he. (Nova Scotia) The Bloodstain A murdered man haunts the house where he was killed. The Bloody Knife Many and many a year ago, two Micmac warriors from rival villages got into a terrible argument. Harsh words were exchanged and then knives were pulled. (Nova Scotia) The Cursing of Colonel Buck A witch's curse haunts the colonel long after death. The Cut-Off A Louisiana riverboat captain is trapped forever in a cut-off. A new version of this story is retold by S.E. Schlosser in Spooky South . The Dance A girl learns the hard way that you should never dance with the devil. (Texas) The Death Coach The Death Coach comes for a dying man. The Devil On Washington Rock The Devil appears in a dream...and other places. The Devil's Hole A strange horse is sent to a priest to aid him in the building of a new church. (Quebec) The Doctor and the Ghost A ghost helps a doctor save his patient. (Utah) Eavesdropper A Maryland man learns a hard lesson about eavesdropping. The Fifty-cent Piece A couple spend a night at a haunted house. (New York) The Flying Canoe A group of lonely lumberjacks pay a bitter price when they go home for New Years. (Quebec) The Ghost on the Tracks Engineers, beware! There is a flirtatious female ghost aboard the the Atchison, Topeka & Santa Fe. Ghost Handprints Ghosts rescue a car stuck on the railroad tracks. Ghost Train A Ghost Train appears on the tracks three miles outside of Medicine Hat, Alberta. The Grave A woman haunts her burial ground. The Headless Horseman A headless Hessian gallops forth from the Sleepy Hollow Cemetery, scaring the locals. Henry Hudson and the Catskill Gnomes Every wondered who Rip Van Winkle played nine-pins with? It was Henry Hudson and his crew! Invisible hands A couple of Comstock miners meet a couple of tommy knockers (bucca) working the late shift. Joaquin Murietta, The Bandit of the Goldfields A young man turns outlaw after a gang of jealous gold miners kills his wife and his brother. La Mala Hora A woman meets a horrible ghoul on her way to a friend's house. The Lady in Lace A beautiful ghost walks the shores near Pebble Beach, California. Milk bottles Day after day, a woman comes to the store for milk and leaves without paying. Never Mind Them Watermelons Sam Gibb accepts a dare to stay in a haunted house, never expecting to meet a ghost. The Phantom Drummer The sound of a phantom drummer seals the doom of a Revolutionary War soldier trying to desert the British army. Piece-by-Piece A man decides to visit a haunted house against the advice of his friend. Presumed Drowned The souls of five drowned men rejoin their ship from the Ice. The Hook An insane killer, known as the Hook Man, escapes from a local prison and stalks a young couple. The Shadow Train A ghost train stops to rescue a dying man. Wait Until Emmet Comes Three black cats haunt a house in the South. The White Lady A ghost rises out of Durand Lake to hunt down her daughter's killer. (New York) Campfire Tall Tales Arkansas Traveler A lost traveler tries to find a place to spend the night. The Crystal Mountain There is an invisible mountain in Wyoming made of crystal. Davy Crockett and the Frozen Dawn Davy Crockett must unfreeze the dawn. (Tennessee) Frozen Flames What do you do when the lanterns freeze? Call Paul Bunyan. (Michigan) Hoop Snakes Pennsylvania has a particularly mean variety of hoop snakes rolling about. Jack and the Corn Stalk Kansas corn grows mighty fast. The Log Jam Paul Bunyan and Babe clear a log jam in Wisconsin. Mississippi Mosquitoes And you thought your mosquitoes were bad! Pecos Bill and Slue-foot Sue Pecos Bill gets married. Pecos Bill Rides a Tornado Pecos Bill tries to tame a tornado. Sasquatch A couple of hikers encounter Bigfoot while out on the trails. The Twist-Mouth Family Find out what a college education is good for. TOP RV resources General resources RV Advice RV Basics RV-Clubs.us Align-Quick Hitching Guides Lot Swapping RVers, LLC My New RV RV Education 101, RV University RV Minute Radio Program Lightweight RV News Beginning RVers Woodalls: Find places to camp and more Campgrounds Go Campin' & RV Bears Northshore RV Resort & Marina eCampSite Bearadise Cabins & RV Park, LLC Fulltiming America, All Campgrounds Recreation USA Coast2CoastRV.com" Keystone RV Camping Group RV Lifestyle Campground Cooking RV Fun and Games (VWB Marketing) Boyd Productions - RV Park Music RVers Computer Help Your RV Lifestyle RV Adventure Videos RV Living Cottage Publications RVer's Corner Equipment & Supplies Mary Moppins RV Care Tanksetter Propane Tank Safety Stand National RV Siding Ltd. More RVs Alpaca Carriers Mountain Moms (Canine Companion) Carter RV (Rearview Camera) The Masked Merchant RV Upgrades Used Motorhomes Outdoor Stores Drainmaster Pit 2 Go Blue Ox Sisken Sales All Merchant Services Neff Brothers RV TL Sprague The Motor Portal Bonita Productions - Real Travel Adventures Freedom RX RV Marine Mickey Ivey NetRVs4u Wiper Buddy Turning Wheel RV Center About the Author | Awards | Sources | Spooky Books | Stories A to Z | What's New Comments? Email us at webmaster@americanfolklore.net © S.E. Schlosser 1997 - 2005. This site is best viewed while eating marshmallows around a campfire under a starry sky.

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Motor Home, Campervan and RV Rentals in California RV rentals in California RV rental in California RV hire in California Camper van rental in California Camper van rentals in California Camper van hire in California Camper rental in California Camper rentals in California Camper hire in California Motorhome rental in California Motor Home rentals in California Motor home hire in California Campervan rental in California Campervan rentals in California Campervan hire in California HOME RENTAL FLEET RATES VEHICLES FOR SALE SPECIALS TERMS & CONDITIONS RESERVATIONS USEFUL LINKS California camper van hire California camper hire California camper rental California camper van rental California RV rentals California RV hire California campervan rental California campervan hire California motorhome rental California motorhome rentals California motorhome hire California by RV California by motorhome California by camper California by campervan HAPPY TRAVEL CAMPERS Deutsch English Camper Van and Motor Home Rental in California. Discover California's coastline, visit our beautiful State and National Parks. Travel at your own pace with a camper van, motorhome or R.V. rental vehicle from Happy Travel Campers. Happy Travel Campers was founded in 1987 offering a handful of used VW-Westfalia Campers for rent to travelers from abroad. Over the years our fleet has grown and includes small economical van campers as well as larger motor homes that sleep up to 6 people. Our objective is to offer you individual service and a well maintained motorhome or camper van for rent at a reasonable price. O ur rental rates are straight forward without any hidden charges and all rates include tax and 100 miles/day. We are conveniently located in Hawthorne, California, just 15 minutes from Los Angeles International airport. (Click to see map) Contact Information: Telephone Toll free in the U.S. FAX 310-675-1335 1-800-370-1262 310-675-1366 Postal address Electronic mail 14318 Lemoli Ave. General Information & sales: info@camperusa.com Hawthorne, Ca 90250 U.S.A Happy Travel Campers Inc. 2005